If it were me i would use a product called spray tack also found at carpet supply shop.
Double sided carpet tape stick to concrete.
Attaching this tape to a finished surface is not recommended.
However that would be harder to remove from the floor when you decide to change the carpet it s very very strong.
There is a type of very strong double sided tape that you can find at a carpet supply house.
If you plan to have the runner simply attached together you may want to consider the the roberts indoor pressure sensitive carpet seaming tape roll model 50 305.
Some construction adhesives and epoxies will work with concrete but because of the porous materials from which concrete is made tape rarely works well to adhere objects.
This is a single sided seam tape that will not affix to a finished surface.
Shurtape df 545 double sided carpet and duct tape sticks to hardwood concrete tile and more natural with blue liner 48mm x 33 meters 1 roll 152496.
Amazon s choice for double sided tape concrete shurtape df 545 double sided carpet and duct tape sticks to hardwood concrete tile and more natural with blue liner 48mm x 33 meters 1 roll 152496.
However if you need to use tape on your concrete blocks choose a tape that is designed for concrete and will not interfere with other plans for your concrete blocks.
This is a double sided tape and will perform well if you want to adhere the runner to an unfinished surface such as concrete.